Attacking is a standard action. When you make an attack roll, roll ld20 and add the appropriate modifiers. If your result is equal to or higher than the target's Reflex Defense, you hit and deal damage (see Damage below).

Your attack roll with a melee weapon or unarmed attack is:

1d20 + base attack bonus + Strength modifier

Your attack roll with a ranged weapon is:

:1d20 + base attack bonus + Dexterity modifier + range penalty (if any)

Base Attack Bonus: Your class and level determine your base attack bonus. Strength Modifier: Strength helps you swing a weapon harder and faster so your Strength modifier applies to melee attack rolls. Dexterity Modifier: Since Dexterity measures coordination and steadiness, your Dexterity modifier applies to attacks with ranged weapons. Range Penalty: A ranged weapon can attack a target at point blank, short, medium, or long range. If you make a ranged attack against a target within the weapon's point blank range, you take no penalty on the attack roll; your penalty on attack rolls increases to -2 at short range, -S at medium range, and -10 at long range (see Weapon Ranges).

Critical Hits

When you roll a natural 20 on your attack roll (the d20 comes up "20"). the attack automatically hits, no matter how high the defender's Reflex Defense. In addition, you score a critical hit and deal double damage. All targets are subject to critical hits, even inanimate objects.

Automatic Misses

When you roll a natural 1 on your attack roll (the d20 comes up "1 "). the attack automatically misses, no matter how high the bonus on the attack roll is.